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Prince Aleksandre of Georgia
Prince Aleksandre of Georgia ((グルジア語:ალექსანდრე ბატონიშვილი), ''Aleksandre Batonishvili'') (1770–1844) was a Georgian royal prince of the Bagrationi family, who headed several insurrections against the Russian rule in Georgia. He was known as Eskandar Mirza () in the Persian Empire, Tsarevich Alexander Irakliyevich () in Russia, and as Alexander Mirza in Western Europe.
Aleksandre was the son of the penultimate king of eastern Georgia, Heraclius II, who entrusted him various military and administrative tasks. After the death of Heraclius in 1798, he opposed the accession of his half-brother, King George XII, and the new king's pro-Russian policy. After the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801, Aleksandre spent the rest of his life in trying to undermine the new regime by fomenting unrest in Georgia. Eventually, Aleksandre's reliance on the Persian military and North Caucasian mercenaries deprived him of popular support. After his last major rebellion was defeated in 1812, Aleksandre permanently settled in Persia, where he died in 1844.
== Early life ==
Aleksandre was a son of Heraclius II (Erekle), king of Kartli and Kakheti in eastern Georgia, and his third wife Darejan Dadiani. He was educated by the Catholic missionaries at the court of his father. At age 12 or 13, he was tutored by and served as an aide to the Tiflis-based German adventurer and physician Jacob Reineggs, who played a role in the Russian–Georgian diplomacy until his retirement to the Russian Empire in 1783. Aleksandre became involved in the politics and administration of his country at a very young age. In 1793, he was entrusted by Heraclius with the government of the district of Kazakh and in 1794 he was invested with the appanage in Somkhiti. Around the same time, Aleksandre was present with the army sent by Heraclius in support of his grandson, King Solomon II of Imereti, against his rival David.
In 1795, Aleksandre led a Georgian contingent dispatched to help the allied Ibrahim Khalil Khan of Karabakh against the Iranian encroachment. In June, the allies fought back a 20,000-strong force sent by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar against Karabakh. Back in Georgia, in July 1795, Aleksandre raised a force of Turkic mercenaries brought from Karabakh against the anticipated Iranian advance. Fighting by his father's side, Aleksandre witnessed the sack of Tiflis in a disastrous attack by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, who resented Heraclius's rapprochement with the Russian Empire and demanded Georgia's reversal to traditional allegiance to Iran. Disappointed by his failure, Heraclius, then over 75, retired to his native Telavi, leaving Aleksandre in charge of restoring Tiflis.
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